DOI 10.32758/2071-5951-2020-0-01-47-57
Ivanov A.V.
(FAE «The 25th State Research Institute of Himmotology of Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation», Moscow) E-mail: alexeyiwanov2007@yandex.ru
Актуальная спецификация SAE J300:2015
Keywords: performance, specifications, history, MRV TP-1 method, CCS method, HTHS method, SAE viscosity classes, market place, review, engine oils, engines.
Abstract
The paper considers the key points of the origin and development of the Engine Oil Viscosity Classification SAE J300 from it beginning in 1911 to the actual edition: brief case history, evolution of the rheological properties owing to the «thickend oils», containing viscosity modifiers and synthetic based oils, MRV (Mini-Rotor Viscometer), CCS (Cold Cranking Simulator) и HTHS viscosity methods, appearance of the new viscosity classes and its value to the runnimg and performance of the passenders cars and heavy-duty truck diesel engines. The fundamentals of actual SAE J300:2015 specification have discussed.
It was emphasized that the key point of the performance specification is the fact of heading for the «thicking» non-Newton engine oils because of its unique performance and very high share in the world consumption significantly exceeding the share of single-season one. The nuances of the specification constrained with SAE 40 viscosity class and HTHS viscosity values have explained as well as role of the HTHS viscosity value providing for the current tendendencies of the automotive development sach as fuel economy and reducing emission.
The detail information regarding use of this performance specification for the development of the current motor oils market place reviewed. Most vehicle manufacturers today specify 5W-20 or 5W-30 for newer vehicles for year-round driving. Some cars specify 0W-20, 0W-30, 0W-40 or 5W-40 for their vehicles.
The right reccommendation to use motor oils is that: always use the motor oil viscosity recommended by your vehicle manufacturer. Using a different viscosity (thinner or thicker) may cause oil pressure and oil supply problems, especially in late-model engines with cylinder deactivation and/or variable valve timing (VVT).
The main motor oils for today commercial trucks heavy-duty engines are SAE 15W-40, 10W-30, 10W-40, 5W-40, 5W-30 and HTHS viscosity to be 3,0-4,2 мPа·с.
The main motor oils for today passengers cars are 0W-20, 0W-30, 10W-30, 5W-20, 5W-30 and HTHS viscosity 2,6-3,1 мPа·с.
Refereneces
1.https://www.sae.org/about/history;
2.Understanding the SAE Motor Oil Viscosity Standard https://www.jcmotors.com/images/understanding_motor_oil_viscosity.pdf;
3.Viscosity Index Tables for Celsus Temperatures https://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/SOURCE_PAGES/DS39B_foreword.pdf;
4.T. Selby. Low Temperature Rheology and Effect of Pumpability of Engine Oils. !8th International Colloquium Tribology.
5.ASTM D4684 – 18 Standard Test Method for Determination of Yield Stress and Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils at Low Temperature https://www.astm.org/Standards/D4684.htm;
6.ASTM D5293 — 17a Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils and Base Stocks Between –10 °C and –35 °C Using Cold-Cranking Simulator https://www.astm.org/Standards/D5293.htm;
7.S.A. Cryvoff, A. K. Deysarkar Relating HTHS Oil Viscosity to bearing Film Thickness Mesurement c.74-90. High Temperature High Share oil Viscosity: Measurement and relationship to engine operation/ James A. Spearot, Ed. ASTM, Philadelphia, 1989. https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/17301298?q&versionId=20288432+241177466
8.ASTM D4683 – 17 Standard Test Method for Measuring Viscosity of New and Used Engine Oils at High Shear Rate and High Temperature by Tapered Bearing Simulator Viscometer at 150 °C https://www.astm.org/Standards/D4683.htm;
9.ASTM D4741 – 18 Standard Test Method for Measuring Viscosity at High Temperature and High Shear Rate by Tapered-Plug Viscometer https://www.astm.org/Standards/D4741.htm;
10.ASTM 5481 -13 Standard Test Method for Measuring Apparent Viscosity at High-Temperature and High-Shear Rate by Multicell Capillary Viscometer https://www.astm.org/Standards/D5481.htm;
11.The SAE 16 Viscosity Grade. Oilspecification.org. https://www.oilspecifications.org/articles/sae-16-viscosity-grade.php
12. Introducing the SAE 8 and SAE 12 Viscosity Grades. Oilspecification.org. https://www.oilspecifications.org/articles/introducing-the-sae-8-and-sae-12-viscosity-grades.php
13. https://www.sae.org/standards/;
14. N. Canter. Special additive Report. Viscosity Index Improvers. Tribology and Lubricantion Technology Sept. 2011, p. 10-22. www.stle. Org;
15. E. Zadorozhnayaa, I. Levanova, O. Oskina. Study of HTHS Viscosity of Modern Motor Oils. International Conference on Industrial Engineering, ICIE 2016. – p. 603-606;
16. E. Adamsky. The Evolution of Heavy Duty Lubricants Requirements. Global Lubricant Week. October 8-12 2018.
17.ZPlus™ Tech Brief #13. Oil Viscosity. https://ru.scribd.com/document/357825980/TechBrief13-Oil-Viscosity-pdf;
18.Service Bulletin. Cummins Engine Oil Recommendationshttp://elrus-group.ru/upload/file/Recomendations/Oil_Bulletin.pdf;
19.Engine Oil Licensing and Certification System. API 1509. Eighteen Edition, June 2019. Energy API, 2019. – 159 p. www.api.org;
20. EELQMS. A guide to the European Engine Lubricants Quality Managing System. ACEA, ATC, ATIEL, 2016 — 9 p. www.eelqms.eu;
21. Markel. Understanding Motor Oil Viscosity: Zero Weight, Zero Problem. Understood service, 14.01.2016. https://www.underhoodservice.com/understanding-motor-oil-viscosity-zero-weight-zero-problem/;
22.Passenger vehicle 2019 trends https://www.infineuminsight.com/media/2272/infineum_trends_pvl_2019.pdf;
23.Commercial vehicle 2019 trends https://www.infineuminsight.com/media/2273/infineum_trends_cvl_2019.pdf
24.Infenium presentation Heavy-Duty Engine Oils]. InfeniumInsight.com/Learn.